Milestone-Proposal:Harvard Mark 1 Computer, 1944 - 1959: Difference between revisions

From IEEE Milestones Wiki
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 9: Line 9:
|section is taking responsibility for plaque=Yes
|section is taking responsibility for plaque=Yes
|a11=Yes
|a11=Yes
|a3=1940s
|a3=1944
|a1=Mark 1 Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC), 1943  to 1945
|a1=Harvard Mark 1 Computer
|plaque citation=DRAFT ONLY.
|plaque citation=
Developed by Harvard faculty member Howard Aiken and IBM in the early 1940s, the massive machine was originally called the ASCC (Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator). The Mark I is considered one of the first electro-mechanical computers ever created and represents a fundamental milestone in the history of modern computing. Software innovations designed by Grace Hooper were an important part of the machine.
Rough draft using IEEE GHN. The Mark I computer at Harvard University was the brainchild of Howard Aiken.  Built in 1944 in collaboration with the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), it was based on mechanical punch-card tabulating equipment.  Originally called the automatic sequence- controlled calculator, Mark I is considered the first large scale electro-mechanical computer ever created and represents a fundamental landmark in the history of modern computing. The Mark 1 was used for military to naval and ordinance calculations.
|a2b=Boston
|a2b=Boston
|IEEE units paying={{IEEE Organizational Unit Paying
|IEEE units paying={{IEEE Organizational Unit Paying
Line 23: Line 23:
|Senior officer name=Robert Vice
|Senior officer name=Robert Vice
|Senior officer email=Robert Vice <vice@ieee.org>
|Senior officer email=Robert Vice <vice@ieee.org>
}}{{IEEE Organizational Unit Arranging
|Unit=Computer Society Chapter
|Senior officer name=later
|Senior officer email=later
}}{{IEEE Organizational Unit Arranging
|Unit=Boston Section Milestones Committee
|Senior officer name=Gilmore Cooke
|Senior officer email=gilcooke@ieee.org
}}
}}
|IEEE sections monitoring={{IEEE Section Monitoring
|IEEE sections monitoring={{IEEE Section Monitoring
|Section=Boston Section
|Section chair name=Gilmore Cooke
|Section chair email=gilcooke@ieee.org
}}{{IEEE Section Monitoring
|Section=Boston Section
|Section=Boston Section
|Section chair name=Robert Alongi, Business Manager
|Section chair name=Robert Alongi, Business Manager
Line 50: Line 38:


GPS later
GPS later
|a7=The milestone plaque will be located adjacent the remaining section of the Mark 1.
|a7=The milestone plaque will be located inside the Harvard building where the a portion of the Mark I computer is on display.
|a8=Yes
|a8=Yes
|mounting details=Inside the lobby of  Harvard Science Center (1 Oxford Street), Cambridge MA, in proximity to the historical display that features significant components from the original Mark I.
|mounting details=Inside the lobby of  Harvard Science Center (1 Oxford Street), Cambridge MA, in proximity to the historical display that features significant components from the original Mark I.

Revision as of 19:59, 5 March 2014


To see comments, or add a comment to this discussion, click here.

Docket #:2013-09

This Proposal has been approved, and is now a Milestone


To the proposer’s knowledge, is this achievement subject to litigation?


Is the achievement you are proposing more than 25 years old? Yes

Is the achievement you are proposing within IEEE’s designated fields as defined by IEEE Bylaw I-104.11, namely: Engineering, Computer Sciences and Information Technology, Physical Sciences, Biological and Medical Sciences, Mathematics, Technical Communications, Education, Management, and Law and Policy. Yes

Did the achievement provide a meaningful benefit for humanity? Yes

Was it of at least regional importance? Yes

Has an IEEE Organizational Unit agreed to pay for the milestone plaque(s)? Yes

Has an IEEE Organizational Unit agreed to arrange the dedication ceremony? Yes

Has the IEEE Section in which the milestone is located agreed to take responsibility for the plaque after it is dedicated? Yes

Has the owner of the site agreed to have it designated as an IEEE Milestone? Yes


Year or range of years in which the achievement occurred:

1944

Title of the proposed milestone:

Harvard Mark 1 Computer

Plaque citation summarizing the achievement and its significance:

Rough draft using IEEE GHN. The Mark I computer at Harvard University was the brainchild of Howard Aiken. Built in 1944 in collaboration with the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), it was based on mechanical punch-card tabulating equipment. Originally called the automatic sequence- controlled calculator, Mark I is considered the first large scale electro-mechanical computer ever created and represents a fundamental landmark in the history of modern computing. The Mark 1 was used for military to naval and ordinance calculations.

200-250 word abstract describing the significance of the technical achievement being proposed, the person(s) involved, historical context, humanitarian and social impact, as well as any possible controversies the advocate might need to review.


IEEE technical societies and technical councils within whose fields of interest the Milestone proposal resides.


In what IEEE section(s) does it reside?

Boston

IEEE Organizational Unit(s) which have agreed to sponsor the Milestone:

IEEE Organizational Unit(s) paying for milestone plaque(s):

Unit: Boston Section
Senior Officer Name: Robert Alongi, Business Manager

IEEE Organizational Unit(s) arranging the dedication ceremony:

Unit: Boston Section
Senior Officer Name: Robert Vice

IEEE section(s) monitoring the plaque(s):

IEEE Section: Boston Section
IEEE Section Chair name: Robert Alongi, Business Manager

Milestone proposer(s):

Proposer name: Gilmore Cooke, Chair Boston Section Committee
Proposer email: Proposer's email masked to public

Please note: your email address and contact information will be masked on the website for privacy reasons. Only IEEE History Center Staff will be able to view the email address.

Street address(es) and GPS coordinates in decimal form of the intended milestone plaque site(s):

Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science, 1 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138

GPS later

Describe briefly the intended site(s) of the milestone plaque(s). The intended site(s) must have a direct connection with the achievement (e.g. where developed, invented, tested, demonstrated, installed, or operated, etc.). A museum where a device or example of the technology is displayed, or the university where the inventor studied, are not, in themselves, sufficient connection for a milestone plaque.

Please give the address(es) of the plaque site(s) (GPS coordinates if you have them). Also please give the details of the mounting, i.e. on the outside of the building, in the ground floor entrance hall, on a plinth on the grounds, etc. If visitors to the plaque site will need to go through security, or make an appointment, please give the contact information visitors will need. The milestone plaque will be located inside the Harvard building where the a portion of the Mark I computer is on display.

Are the original buildings extant?

Yes

Details of the plaque mounting:

Inside the lobby of Harvard Science Center (1 Oxford Street), Cambridge MA, in proximity to the historical display that features significant components from the original Mark I.

How is the site protected/secured, and in what ways is it accessible to the public?

The Harvard school lobby is generally opened to the public.

Who is the present owner of the site(s)?

Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science

What is the historical significance of the work (its technological, scientific, or social importance)? If personal names are included in citation, include justification here. (see section 6 of Milestone Guidelines)

From Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Mark_I

The IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC), called the Mark I by Harvard University,[1] was an electro-mechanical computer. The electromechanical ASCC was devised by Howard H. Aiken, built at IBM and shipped to Harvard in February 1944. It began computations for the U.S. Navy Bureau of Ships in May and was officially presented to the university on August 7, 1944.

The Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (Harvard Mark I) was the first operating machine that could execute long computations automatically. A project conceived by Harvard University's Dr. Howard Aiken, the Mark I was built by IBM engineers in Endicott, N.Y. A steel frame 51 feet (16 m) long and eight feet high held the calculator, which consisted of an interlocking panel of small gears, counters, switches and control circuits, all only a few inches in depth. The ASCC used 500 miles (800 km) of wire with three million connections, 3,500 multipole relays with 35,000 contacts, 2,225 counters, 1,464 tenpole switches and tiers of 72 adding machines, each with 23 significant numbers. It was the industry's largest electromechanical calculator.[2]

What obstacles (technical, political, geographic) needed to be overcome?

None

What features set this work apart from similar achievements?

The Mark 1 was unique.

Supporting texts and citations to establish the dates, location, and importance of the achievement: Minimum of five (5), but as many as needed to support the milestone, such as patents, contemporary newspaper articles, journal articles, or chapters in scholarly books. 'Scholarly' is defined as peer-reviewed, with references, and published. You must supply the texts or excerpts themselves, not just the references. At least one of the references must be from a scholarly book or journal article. All supporting materials must be in English, or accompanied by an English translation.

IEEE GHN Biography of Howard Aiken,

http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Howard_Aiken

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Mark_I

PARTIAL LISTING ONLY AT THIS TIME

Supporting materials (supported formats: GIF, JPEG, PNG, PDF, DOC): All supporting materials must be in English, or if not in English, accompanied by an English translation. You must supply the texts or excerpts themselves, not just the references. For documents that are copyright-encumbered, or which you do not have rights to post, email the documents themselves to ieee-history@ieee.org. Please see the Milestone Program Guidelines for more information.

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Mark_I

PHOTOS WILL BE ADDED LATER

Please email a jpeg or PDF a letter in English, or with English translation, from the site owner(s) giving permission to place IEEE milestone plaque on the property, and a letter (or forwarded email) from the appropriate Section Chair supporting the Milestone application to ieee-history@ieee.org with the subject line "Attention: Milestone Administrator." Note that there are multiple texts of the letter depending on whether an IEEE organizational unit other than the section will be paying for the plaque(s).

Please recommend reviewers by emailing their names and email addresses to ieee-history@ieee.org. Please include the docket number and brief title of your proposal in the subject line of all emails.