Milestone-Proposal:First Real-Time Speech Communication on Packet Networks: Difference between revisions

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{{ProposalEdit|a1=First Real-Time Speech Communication on Packet Networks|a2a=MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA|a2b=Boston Section|a3=1974 - 1983|a4=|a5=|a6=|a7=|a8=No|a9=|a10=|a11=No|a12=|a13name=|a13section=|a13position=|a13email=|a14name=|a14ou=|a14position=|a14email=|a15Aname=|a15Aemail=|a15Aname2=|a15Aemail2=|a15Bname=|a15Bemail=|a15Bname2=|a15Bemail2=|a15Cname=|a15Ctitle=|a15Corg=|a15Caddress=|a15Cphone=|a15Cemail=}}
{{ProposalEdit|a1=First Real-Time Speech Communication on Packet Networks|a2a=MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA|a2b=Boston Section|a3=* 1974: First real-time two-way packet speech, on ARPAnet – MITLL (Lexington, MA) and USC/ISI (Marina del Rey, CA) in August with 9.6  kbps CVSD (Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation); MITLL and Culler-Harrison (Goleta, CA) in December with 3.5 kbps LPC (Linear Predictive Coding) * 1976: First packet speech conferencing with 3.5 kbps LPC on ARPAnet among MITLL, CHI, USC/ISI * 1979: Real-time 2.4 kbps LPC conferencing using ARPAnet and Atlantic SATNET, among MITLL, USC/ISI, UCL (London), NDRE (Norway), BBN (Cambridge, MA) * 1982: Internet packet speech and conferencing including Wideband SATNET, Packet Radio Net. Local Area Ethernets, and telephone network interfaces – participants were MITLL, USC/ISI, and SRI|a4=This pioneering work on speech in packet networks developed and demonstrated systems which were forerunners of the voice-over internet protocol (VoIP) systems that are now so widely in use. The real-time voice work included development of a new Network Voice Protocol (NVP), because the packet and reliability constraints of the available Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) implementation made it unsuitable for real-time communication. This protocol development was an immediate forerunner of the separation of TCP and IP, so that the real-time packet speech work played a large role in the development of the protocols, which are still in wide use today. The technology and protocols for real-time speech over packet networks also enabled other real-time internet applications such as packet video, so that now systems like Skype enable real-time voice and video at home and in offices for extremely large number of people; this is a capability of significant social impact.|a5=This work combined major developments in multiple areas, including the first real-time implementations of narrowband LPC speech coding on digital signal processors, network protocols to enable real-time packet delivery, strategies for reconstituting speech, techniques for reconstitution of  speech from packets arriving at non-uniform intervals, packet speech conferencing techniques, and interoperation over different types of packet networks (landline, Ethernet, satellite, radio).  Another feature was the outstanding collaboration among organizations and across technology areas. Finally, the long-term impact is a major feature which sets this work apart, as evidenced by the wide use of VoIP and related application such as packet video. |a6=The network protocols did not support real-time speech, so new protocols had to be developed.
The narrowband (2 – 5 kbps) digital vocoder algorithms were needed due to the limited ARPAnet link rates;  these algorithms did not run in real time, so they had to be modified and adapted to run on the new DSP systems which were just emerging.
Interoperability needed to be established among separate implementations of speech algorithms and protocols running at different sites, on different host computers and DSPs, over different tyoes of networks, and with geographic separation across the US and between US and Europe. Adaptation to different nets
|a7=MIT Lincoln Laboratory conducted  pioneering R&D and experiments in packet speech, collaborating with the other organizations noted above, including USC/ISI, SRI, CHI, BBN, and others. Lincoln was a direct participant in all the milestone packet speech experiments cited above, spanning 1974-1982. In addition, in 1971, Lincoln conducted the earliest packet speech related experiments on the ARPAnet; those experiments showed the feasibility of packet speech transmission; real-time 2-way communication over the ARPAnet between Lincoln and CHI and between Lincoln and USC/ISI followed in 1974.|a8=Yes|a9=MIT Lincoln Laboratory is a secure facility. The main entrance and lobby area is open to the public, and the Laboratory often opens its auditorium to outside events including Boston Section IEEE meetings, IEEE Life Fellow meetings, Science on Saturdays for K-12, and concerts.|a10=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|a11=Yes|a12=IEEE Signal Processing Society Speech Technical Committee
Dr. Steve Young, Chairman, sjy_at_eng.cam.ac.uk
 
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Revision as of 13:35, 15 October 2010